The year in heart failure.

A t s o v a t r m s f w t n r m l w d u R 5 d b O c n c d a t d c n f P q m l U c l C a eart failure (HF) remains a dynamic field. Treatment ontinues to be refined and improved and, at last, there is vidence that the increased survival demonstrated in ranomized clinical trial cohorts has been translated to the nselected general population. Beyond angiotensinonverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers, two ore classes of drug, the angiotensin receptor blockers and ldosterone antagonists, were unequivocally demonstrated o have a survival benefit during 2003. This year also stablishes a new era in device therapies, which also improve utcomes in patients with HF.